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Vitamin D plays an important role in a variety of bodily functions. In fact, vitamin D is not a vitamin but a hormone, which explains the multitude of its controlling functions.
The multitude of positive effects resulting from an optimized vitamin D supply points to its central importance. Some of these are briefly touched upon below.

Muscles
A deficiency of vitamin D leads to a reduction in ankle strength, maximum strength and quickness. Increased vitamin D intake promotes the number of muscle fibers and muscle cells formed. Further, it promotes calcium release in muscle.

Geriatrics
Strengthening muscles and bone structure through vitamin D is also of particular importance in old age. A good vitamin D supply prevents the premature need for care and reduces the risk of falls and thus the risk of fractures of the neck of the femur.

Nervous system
Insufficient vitamin D supply affects diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, depression, schizophrenia, autism, and Alzheimer's risk. Optimized vitamin D levels generally lead to improved mood.

Immune System
Vitamin D promotes the production of the body's own defense substances (kallikrein, defensin). It further has a positive influence on the activity of the immune system. The dysfunction of overreactions such as autoimmune diseases and allergies is weakened.

Diabetes mellitus
A vitamin D intake of 2,000 I.U. per day reduces the risk of type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disease that leads to the destruction of insulin-producing cells, by 78%. This is attributed to the positive influence of vitamin D on normal immune system function. For pregnant women it is recommended to ensure preventive care of the embryo through supplementation.

In the case of type 2 diabetes, which is caused by insulin resistance triggered by obesity, lack of exercise, lack of sleep, stress or even smoking, vitamin D can have a positive influence by stimulating the creation and function of insulin receptors on muscle and fat cells. A vitamin D concentration of 32 ng/ml reduces type 2 diabetes risk by 75% compared to a deficiency of 14 ng/ml.

Vascular tension (tone), arteriosclerosis.
Vitamin D promotes elasticity of the vascular wall and reduces the tendency to inflammation. It has a blood pressure lowering effect and may influence the development of manifest hypertension. Vitamin D concentrations as low as 30 ng/ml reduce the risk of hypertension in humans by 600% compared to people with vitamin D concentrations as low as 15 ng/ml.

Heart function
Vitamin D has a positive effect on the function of the heart muscle. The risk of heart and brain infarcts is increased by 200% at low vitamin D concentrations below 15 ng/ml compared to people with vitamin D concentrations above 30 ng/ml.

Asthma/COPD
Increasing rates of asthma have also been linked to vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency can worsen lung function, weaken the immune system, and increase inflammation. A vitamin D concentration of at least 30 ng/ml should be aimed for.

Rickets
Vitamin D deficiency causes bone softening with deformity (rickets) in young children. The standard recommended intake of 400 I.U. or 500 I.U. of vitamin D per day today achieves average levels above 11 ng/ml. Breast milk usually cannot cover the infant's vitamin D requirement unless at least (!) 2,000 I.U. vitamin D per day is supplemented. For women during pregnancy, orthomolecular medicine recommends supplementation of 6,000 I.U. per day to prevent damage.

Bone structure
Vitamin D deficiency in adults, in combination with calcium deficiency, leads to a different form of bone softening without deformation (osteomalacia) and a lack of hardening of bone tissue undergoing constant remodeling. Signs may include fatigue, weakness, muscle pain, sleep disturbances, tenderness. The risk of falls and fractures increases.